A new two-volume history of Russia's turbulent 20th century is being hailed inside and outside the country as a landmark contribution to the swirling debate over Russia's past and national identity.

Written by 45 historians led by Andrei Zubov, a professor at the institute that serves as university to the Russian Foreign Ministry, the weighty history — almost 1,000 pages per volume — was published this year by AST Publishers and is already in its second printing of 10,000 copies.

Retailing at the rough equivalent of $20 a volume and titled "History of Russia. XX Century," the books try to rise above ideologically charged clashes over Russia's historical memory. They are critical both of czarist and Communist Russia, and incorporate the history of Russian emigration and the Russian Orthodox Church into the big picture of a chaotic, violent century. While written from a clearly Christian perspective -- one author is a Russian Orthodox priest -- the history avoids overt nationalism or anti-Semitism.

Eminent historians in the United States and Poland who often take a critical view of Russia's passionate, partisan discussion of history lauded its balance.